Ellipsis / Substitution
Ellipse et Substitution - Techniques stylistiques pour éviter les répétitions
Ellipse et Substitution
L'ellipse et la substitution sont des techniques stylistiques pour éviter les répétitions et créer un discours plus fluide et élégant.
Ellipse : Omission d'éléments
I like tea and she [likes] coffee.
Substitution : Remplacement
She went to Paris and I did too.
L'ellipse (omission)
Ellipse du verbe principal
• I can speak French and she [can speak] German.
• He will come and she [will come] too.
• They are working and we [are working] as well.
Ellipse de l'auxiliaire
• I have been to London and [I have been] to Paris.
• She can swim and [she can] dive.
• We are students and [we are] happy.
Ellipse du sujet
• He came early and [he] left late.
• She studied hard and [she] passed the exam.
• [You] Come here! (impératif)
La substitution
Substitution par "do"
• She went to Paris and I did too. (did = went to Paris)
• He plays guitar and so do I. (do = play guitar)
• They don't like coffee, neither do we.
Substitution par "so"
• "Is she coming?" "I think so." (so = she is coming)
• "Will it rain?" "I hope not." (not = it won't rain)
• "Are you ready?" "I suppose so."
Substitution par "one/ones"
• I need a pen. Do you have one? (one = a pen)
• These books are old. I need new ones. (ones = books)
• Which car do you prefer? The red one.
Structures d'accord avec "so" et "neither"
Accord positif avec "so"
I like tea. → So do I. / I do too.
Accord négatif avec "neither"
I don't like coffee. → Neither do I. / I don't either.
Avec les auxiliaires
She has finished. → So have I. / She can swim. → So can I.
Mini exercice
Complétez la phrase avec la substitution correcte :
He plays the guitar and so ___ I.
Réponse : a) do - Avec le présent simple, on utilise "do" pour substituer le verbe dans "so do I" (moi aussi).
Points clés à retenir
Ellipse = omission d'éléments
Substitution = remplacement
Évite les répétitions
Rend le discours plus fluide